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Karelian language

Not to be confused with Kartvelian languages or Karelian Proper language.
Karelian
karjala, karjalan kieli
kard'al, kard'alan kiel'
kariela, karielan kieli
Native toRussia, Finland
RegionRepublic of Karelia, Tver Oblast (Tver Karelia)
EthnicityKarelians
Native speakers
8,753 (Russia) (2020)[1]
11,000 (Finland)[2]
Uralic
  • Finnic
    • Northern Finnic
      • Karelian
Dialects
Latin (Karelian alphabet) Cyrillic (in the past, 1820–1940, before the Latin script was officially adopted in 1989)[3]
Official status
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-2krl
ISO 639-3krl
Glottologkare1335
ELPKarelian
Distribution of Karelian and Ludic at the beginning of the 20th century[6][7]
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Karelian (Karelian Proper and Livvi-Karelian: karjala, karjalan kieli; Ludian: kard'al, kard'alan kiel'; Tver Karelian: kariela, karielan kieli) is a Finnic language spoken mainly in the Russian Republic of Karelia. Linguistically, Karelian is closely related to the Finnish dialects spoken in eastern Finland, and some Finnish linguists have even classified Karelian as a dialect of Finnish, though in the modern day it is widely considered a separate language. Karelian is not to be confused with the Southeastern dialects of Finnish, sometimes referred to as karjalaismurteet ("Karelian dialects") in Finland.[8] In the Russian 2020–2021 census, around 9,000 people spoke Karelian natively, but around 14,000 said to be able to speak the language.[9]

There is no single standard Karelian language, so the Karelian language is a group of three supradialects. The three supradialects are Northern Karelian (White Sea Karelian), South Karelian, Olonets Karelian (Livvi Karelian) and Tver Karelian. Ludic Karelian also appears in writing. All variants are written with the Latin-based Karelian alphabet, though the Cyrillic script has been used in the past. Each writer writes in Karelian according to their own dialectal form.

  1. ^ "Rosstat — Vserossiyskaya perepis' naseleniya 2020" Росстат — Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 [Rosstat — All-Russian Population Census 2020]. rosstat.gov.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-01-03.
  2. ^ "Karel'skiy yazyk" Карельский язык [Karelian] (in Russian).
  3. ^ "Alphabet Karelian". Retrieved 2022-02-22.
  4. ^ Change in the regulation by the president of Finland about European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, 27.11.2009 (in Finnish)
  5. ^ "Законодательные акты – Правительство Республики Карелия". gov.karelia.ru. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference map1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference map2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference krl2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ "Росстат — Всероссийская перепись населения 2020". rosstat.gov.ru. Retrieved 2023-01-03.

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